South Korean singer Psy became an international sensation when his song "Gangnam Style" topped global music charts in 2012. [248], Korea and Japan have had difficult relations since ancient times, but also significant cultural exchange, with Korea acting as the gateway between Asia and Japan. [246] In June 2018, president Moon Jae-in became the first South Korean leader to speak in the Russian Parliament. ", "North, South Korea pledge peace, prosperity", "Seoul reaffirms N. Korea's torpedo attack in final report", "Seoul Decides to Continue Kaesong Project, Humanitarian Aid", "Seoul shuts down joint North-South Korea industrial complex", "North Korea rocket launch: UN security council condemns latest violation", "South Korean president says Olympics have lowered tensions with North", "South Koreans meet North Korean leader Kim for talks about talks", "Asia Times News and analysis from Korea; North and South", "Chinese and South Koreans Formally Establish Relations", "Defense Ministry's regular press conference on July 28", "Thaad retaliation slashes Olympics visitors from China", "China wins its war against South Korea's US THAAD missile shield without firing a shot", "Moon Jae-in Making Friends By Importing More Gas", "Are Warming Russia-South Korea Relations a Game-changer? South Korea dispatched 325,517 troops to fight alongside American, Australian, Filipino, New Zealand and South Vietnamese soldiers in the Vietnam War, with a peak strength of 50,000. As the Korean political system is basically a presidential system yet with certain aspects of parliamentary cabinet system combined, the Cabinet of the Republic of Korea also is a combination of both systems. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. [371] The Olympic Sculpture Garden in 1988, the transposition of the 1993 edition of the Whitney Biennial to Seoul,[372] the creation of the Gwangju Biennale[373] and the Korean Pavilion at the Venice Biennale in 1995[374] were notable events. and sharing the land border with North Korea and Jeju. [130] Summer can be uncomfortably hot and humid, with temperatures exceeding 30C (86F) in most parts of the country. Christianity's similarity to native religious narratives has been studied as another factor that contributed to its success in the peninsula. South Korea elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. A unitary state is a state whose three organs of state are ruled constitutionally as one unit, with central legislature.It differs from a federal state, in which the authority is divided between the head (for example the central government of a country) and the political units governed by it (for example the municipalities or provinces of the country), and also granting some degree of autonomy . [27] As a result, the Korean name "Daehan Minguk" is sometimes used by South Koreans as a metonym to refer to the Korean ethnicity (or "race") as a whole, rather than just the South Korean state. [109] Later that year, Kim received the Nobel Peace Prize "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular". [316] The US has recently been wary of South Korea's burgeoning nuclear program, which South Korea insists will be for civilian use only. The martial art taekwondo originated in Korea. "[259], The European Union (EU) and South Korea are important trading partners, having negotiated a free trade agreement for many years since South Korea was designated as a priority FTA partner in 2006. Usually decentralization is a response to the problem of "centralized unitary government," that is to the abuse of power and undemocratic behavior of the ruling body, to the weakening of the private sectors, to the undermining civil liberties, and to blocking the demands of minorities for a greater says in local governance. This trend of net entry reversed over the next 40 years because of emigration, especially to North America through the United States and Canada. Liberation Day, on 15 August, celebrates Korea's liberation from the Empire of Japan in 1945. [288] South Koreans refer to this growth as the Miracle on the Han River. [120] In April 2018, former president Park Geun-hye was sentenced to 24 years in jail, because of abuse of power and corruption. Section I. "Republic of Korea" and "Daehanminguk" redirect here. Korean cuisine, hanguk yori (; ), or hansik (; ), has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century, Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty (9181392) and the Joseon dynasty (13921897). Lowlands, located primarily in the west and southeast, make up only 30% of the total land area. The Soviet Union and China backed North Korea, with the later participation of millions of Chinese troops. [241] In 2007, a free trade agreement known as the Republic of Korea-United States Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) was signed between South Korea and the United States, but its formal implementation was repeatedly delayed, pending approval by the legislative bodies of the two countries. No, South Africa is a country. transitional governments) XVI E XVII", "Cartas de Afonso de Albuquerque, vol. In the South, Syngman Rhee, an opponent of communism, who had been backed and appointed by the United States as head of the provisional government, won the first presidential elections of the newly declared Republic of Korea in May. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea. [34] Gojoseon expanded until it controlled the northern Korean Peninsula and parts of Manchuria. [14][15][16] The 10th-century kingdom of Goryeo succeeded Goguryeo,[17][18] and thus inherited its name, which was pronounced by the visiting Arab and Persian merchants as "Korea". Korean Independence Day falls on 1 March, and commemorates the 1 March Movement of 1919. [304] A second carrier, Asiana Airlines also serves domestic and international traffic. Other major cities include Busan (3.5 million), Incheon (3.0 million), Daegu (2.5 million), Daejeon (1.4 million), Gwangju (1.4 million) and Ulsan (1.1 million). There are large-scale flows of manufactured goods, agricultural products, services, and technology between the two countries. Contemporary perceptions of Japan are still largely defined by Japan's 35 year colonization of Korea in the 20th century, which is generally regarded in South Korea as having been very negative. [d] The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. Baseball was first introduced to Korea in 1905 and has since become one of the most popular sports in the country. Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BCE. The National Election Commission oversees the elections. The Deep State and The Unitary Executive by . He won against the backdrop of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, where he took IMF advice to restructure the economy and the nation soon recovered its economic growth, albeit at a slower pace. A unitary state is a sovereign state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority. Most states worldwide work under a unitary system of government, for . According to the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, the number of scholarships for foreign students in South Korea would have (under the program) doubled by that time, and the number of foreign students would have reached 100,000. [244] The situation was largely resolved by South Korea making significant military concessions to China in exchange for THAAD, including not deploying any more anti-ballistic missile systems in South Korea and not participating in an alliance between the United States and Japan. Constitution Day is on 17 July, and it celebrates the promulgation of Constitution of the Republic of Korea. South Korea, Officially Known As Federal Republic Of Korea (Hangul: [Romaja: Daehan Yeonbang Gonghwaguk]) (Spanish: Repblica Federal de Corea) Is A Sovereign State In East Asia, constituing the Southern Part Of Korean Peninsula. [299] Express bus terminals are available in most cities. Both in its regular bilateral contacts with South Korea and through its FTA with Korea, the EU is seeking to improve this situation.[261]. More specifically, the Korean Cabinet performs policy resolutions as well as policy consultations to the President. The team's 2009 final game against Japan was widely watched in Korea, with a large screen at Gwanghwamun crossing in Seoul broadcasting the game live. [225] Despite mutual animosity, reconciliation efforts have continued since the initial separation between North and South Korea. [122], In March 2022, Yoon Suk-yeol, the candidate of conservative opposition People Power Party, won a close election over Democratic Party candidate by the narrowest margin ever. Other major cities include Incheon, Busan, and Daegu. South Korea is a regional power and a highly developed country, with its economy being ranked as the world's thirteenth-largest by nominal GDP and the fourteenth-largest by GDP (PPP). . [378], Western architecture was first introduced to Korea at the end of the 19th century. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}36N 128E / 36N 128E / 36; 128. The school year is divided into two semesters, the first of which begins at the beginning of March and ends in mid-July, the second of which begins in late August and ends in mid-February. [85] The first 200 years of the Joseon dynasty were marked by peace, and saw great advancements in science[86][87] and education,[88] as well as the creation of Hangul by Sejong the Great to promote literacy among the common people. South Korean corporations Samsung and LG were ranked first and third largest mobile phone companies in the world in the first quarter of 2012, respectively. Every meal is accompanied by numerous banchan. Three of the commanderies fell or retreated westward within a few decades. [233] North Korea initially threatened to sever all ties, to completely abrogate the previous pact of non-aggression, and to expel all South Koreans from a joint industrial zone in Kaesong, but backtracked on its threats and decided to continue its ties with South Korea. Quota systems favor large, vertically integrated generators and multinational electric utilities, if only because certificates are generally denominated in units of one megawatt-hour. [36][37][38], During the period known as the ProtoThree Kingdoms of Korea, the states of Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye and Samhan occupied the whole Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria. Kings Yeongjo and Jeongjo particularly led a new renaissance of the Joseon dynasty during the 18th century. The anti-Japanese sentiment, and the Korean War, led to the destruction of most buildings constructed during that time. The transition of Korea from autocracy to modern democracy was marked in 1997 by the election of Kim Dae-jung, who was sworn in as the eighth president of South Korea, on 25 February 1998. [d]The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. South Korea's citizens enjoy one of the world's fastest Internet connection speeds and the densest high-speed railway network. [219], Suicide in South Korea is the 10th highest in the world according to the World Health Organization, as well as the highest suicide rate in the OECD.[220][221]. [274] Beginning in 2001, South Korea had so far deployed 24,000 troops in the Middle East region to support the War on Terrorism. Until the 1990s, trot and traditional Korean folk based ballads dominated South Korean popular music. Under Japanese rule, the two names Han and Joseon coexisted. According to a 2015 census conducted by the Korea Statistical Information Service, of the 44 percent of the population espousing a religion, 45 percent are Protestant, 35 percent Buddhist, 18 percent Roman Catholic, and 2 percent . Is South Africa a sovereign state? U.S.-Korea relations continued until 1905, when Japan assumed direction over Korean foreign affairs. Following the surrender of Japan, in 1945, the "Republic of Korea" ( / , IPA: tanminuk, lit. The aim of a communist state is to achieve communism or a sense of common ownership of the means of production and do away with social classes. The U.S. and Korea's Joseon Dynasty established diplomatic relations under the 1882 Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, and the first U.S. diplomatic envoy arrived in Korea in 1883. The gaming scene of South Korea is managed by the Korean e-Sports Association. South Korea,[b] officially the Republic of Korea (ROK),[c] is a country in East Asia. [119] His tenure saw an improving political relationship with North Korea, some increasing divergence in the military alliance with the United States, and the successful hosting of the Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. Life expectancy has been rising rapidly and South Korea ranked 11th in the world for life expectancy at 82.3 years by the WHO in 2015. [369] Korean pottery and porcelain, such as Joseon's baekja and buncheong, and Goryeo's celadon are well known throughout the world. [126] South Korea is home to three terrestrial ecoregions: Central Korean deciduous forests, Manchurian mixed forests, and Southern Korea evergreen forests.[127]. Roman Catholics increased significantly between the 1980s and the 2000s, but declined throughout the 2010s. [157] In practice the population density in much of South Korea is higher than the national one, as most of the country's land is uninhabitable due to being used for other purposes such as farming. [307], South Korea is the third highest ranked Asian country in the World Economic Forum's Network Readiness Index (NRI) after Singapore and Hong Kong respectively an indicator for determining the development level of a country's information and communication technologies. [citation needed] Consequently, South Korea has the world's seventh largest number of active troops (599,000 in 2018), the world's highest number of reserve troops (3,100,000 in 2018). However, the Manchus took advantage of Joseon's war-weakened state and invaded in 1627 and 1637, and then went on to conquer the destabilized Ming dynasty. During the war, Rhee's party promoted the One-People Principle (based on the German ideology of the Herrenvolk) an effort to build an obedient citizenry through ethnic homogeneity and authoritarian appeals to nationalism. [347] The launch of Naro-1 in August 2009 resulted in a failure. At the time, the Soviet Union had boycotted the United Nations (UN), thus forfeiting their veto rights. [397][398][399] Recent years have been characterized by increasing attendance and ticket prices for professional baseball games. Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, noodles, tofu, vegetables, fish and meats. For example, migrants from China (PRC) make up 56.5% of foreign nationals, but approximately 70% of the Chinese citizens in Korea are Joseonjok (), PRC citizens of Korean ethnicity. In 1910, Japan began a 35-year period of colonial rule over Korea. It is the country's largest island, with an area of 1,845 square kilometers (712 square miles). [186][187] South Koreans view education as the main propeller of social mobility for themselves and their family, as a gateway to the South Korean middle class. Ancient architects adopted the bracket system characterized by thatched roofs and heated floors called ondol. Aside from micro-states and city-states, South Korea is the world's third most densely-populated country. military juntas) No constitutionally defined basis to current regime (e.g. EveR-1 has been succeeded by more complex models with improved movement and vision. From them, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla emerged to control the peninsula as the Three Kingdoms of Korea. [93], Towards the end of World War II, the U.S. proposed dividing the Korean peninsula into two occupation zones (a U.S. and Soviet one). Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the constitution, and there is no state religion. Every 15th day of the 8th lunar month, Koreans celebrate the Midautumn Festival, in which Koreans visit their ancestral hometowns and eat a variety of traditional Korean foods. The lack of a strong response to these attacks from both South Korea and the international community (the official UN report declined to explicitly name North Korea as the perpetrator for the Cheonan sinking) caused significant anger with the South Korean public. The Korean economy developed significantly during Park's tenure. [196] Former U.S. President Barack Obama has also praised the country's rigorous school system, where over 80 percent of South Korean high school graduates go on to university. Soups are also a common part of a Korean meal and are served as part of the main course rather than at the beginning or the end of the meal. Japan is today South Korea's third largest trading partner, with 12% ($46 billion) of exports in 2016. Graduating from a top university is the ultimate marker of prestige, high socioeconomic status, promising marriage prospects, and a respectable career path. Stimulated by the economic growth in the 1970s and 1980s, active redevelopment saw new horizons in architectural design. ", "Can South Korean Startups (and the government) Save its Flailing Giant Tech Conglomerates? [108], In June 2000, as part of president Kim Dae-jung's "Sunshine Policy" of engagement, a NorthSouth summit took place in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea. [53] Later Silla was a golden age of art and culture,[54][55][56][57] as evidenced by the Hwangnyongsa, Seokguram, and Emille Bell. Traditional architecture can be seen in the palaces and temples, preserved old houses called hanok,[377] and special sites like Hahoe Folk Village, Yangdong Village of Gyeongju and Korean Folk Village. Jeju-do is about 100 kilometers (62 miles) off the southern coast of South Korea. South Korea has four distinct seasons; spring, summer, autumn and winter. Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes, banchan (), which accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice. Historical dramas have included Faith, Dae Jang Geum, The Legend, Dong Yi, Moon Embracing the Sun, Sungkyunkwan Scandal, Iljimae and Kingdom. [65][66][67][68] Buddhism flourished during this time, and many Korean Buddhists gained great fame among Chinese Buddhists[69] and contributed to Chinese Buddhism,[70] including: Woncheuk, Wonhyo, Uisang, Musang,[71][72][73][74] and Kim Gyo-gak, a Silla prince whose influence made Mount Jiuhua one of the Four Sacred Mountains of Chinese Buddhism. Wiki User 2011-09-13 05:04:33 This answer is: Study guides Politics and Government 20 cards Who are the most important officials in the executive branch What. [198] In 2017, the country ranked fifth for the percentage of 25 to 64 year old's that have attained tertiary education with 47.7 percent. [44][45] In addition to contesting for control of the Korean Peninsula, Goguryeo had many military conflicts with various Chinese dynasties, most notably the GoguryeoSui War, in which Goguryeo defeated a huge force said to number over a million men. South Korean hospitals have advanced medical equipment and facilities readily available, ranking 4th for MRI units per capita and 6th for CT scanners per capita in the OECD. [326] The national pension scheme is divided into four categories of insured persons the workplace-based insured, the individually insured, the voluntarily insured, and the voluntarily and continuously insured. [141] One major challenge is air quality, with acid rain, sulfur oxides, and annual yellow dust storms being particular problems. Provinces of South Korea Provinces are one of the first-level divisions within South Korea. Korea is unique among East Asian countries in its use of metal chopsticks. 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