The best of American innovation is yet to come, and the smart grid must be part of our future. G. N. Ericsson, Information security for electric power utilities (EPUs)-CIGRE developments on frameworks, risk assessment, and technology, IEEE Trans. window.cookieconsent.initialise(json) It can jump-start stagnated economies, and can fundamentally change the way power is delivered to consumers of electricity worldwide. window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; Figure 3. Safe Operation of Photovoltaic Systems with High-Voltage Isolation Amplifiers Protecting Personnel and Equipment For solar plant operators the challenge is finding the perfect balance between achieving the highest possible energy yield at the lowest cost but without compromising safety, reliability and efficiency. Thus it is probable that a well-organized, determined group of terrorists could take out portions of the grid as they have previously done in the United States, Colombia, and other locations around the globe. (a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(e=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(c(e.twemoji),c(e.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); } Then, it suggests a modular approach of evaluating the safety of smart-grid technology based on the safety requirements of the individual merged technologies. Smart meters will need to be cost-effective, since millions will need to be purchased and installed to replace antiquated analog devices. 'eventAction': 'page_view', prolegomena sparknotes; benxi lake in liaoning province; safe operation of a smart power system; By ; April 2, 2022; cafe press promo code; It provides utilities with the ability to detect problems on their systems and operate them more efficiently. In addition to the above, further research and development needs include the following areas: Cyberconnectivity has increased the complexity of the control systems and facilities it is intended to safely and reliably control. It exponentially increases the cost and difficulty of compromising a system by creating a much stronger defense than the use of any individual component alone, thus reducing the likelihood of an attack. In the aftermath of the tragic events of 11 September 2001 and recent natural disasters and major power outages, there have been increased national and international concerns expressed about the security, resilience, and robustness of critical infrastructures in response to an evolving spectrum of threats. Email was arguably the killer app that most enabled the propagation of high-speed internet. var p = Tracker.prototype; } If we agree to take a modular approach to evaluating the safety of the smart-grid technology equipment, then IEC 62368-1 will be well-suited for providing the plug-in modules for evaluating the safety of the information technology and communication circuitry portion of the smart grid equipment. This is based on logarithmic plot of drain current against Drain-to-Source voltage as shown in the figure. A security framework is considered as the skeleton on which various elements are integrated for the appropriate management of security risk. 3, pp. 'timingValue': 'value', 7, no. The implementation of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is widely seen as one of the first steps in the digitization of the electric grids control systems. Three of the dissimulation techniques described are: Likewise, three of the simulation techniques described are: Deception will need to play a key role in smart grid defense mechanisms. This file is auto-generated */ Anthony M. Giacomoni is with the University of Minnesota. 2, no. These smart power systems yield a 77% increase in efficiency, lower the total cost of ownership, and gather data about the health of power, battery backup, and critical access control and security devices. 1/10/2023 - 3/11/2023extensioncanvas.ucsd.eduYou will have access to your course materials on the published start date OR 1 business day after your enrollment is confirmed if you enroll on or after the published start date. There is reasonable concern that national and international energy and information infrastructures have reached a level of complexity and interconnection that makes them particularly vulnerable to cascading outages, whether initiated by material failure, natural calamities, intentional attack, or human error. In these higher overvoltage categories (IV and III), the value of the mains transient voltages is higher than it would be expected for general indoor-use Category II AC-mains connected appliances. window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; It uses the form of energy (like coal and diesel) and converts it into electrical energy. /* Function to detect opted out users */ } While smart power systems may increase upfront cost slightly, they provide tremendous value in active supervision of power failures, smart battery charging to extend life, and power condition monitoring and reporting. With diminished transmission and generation capacity and with dramatic increases in interregional bulk power transfers and the diversity of transactions, the electric power grid is being used in ways for which it was not originally designed. 'title': 'page_title', NY, } To help prevent this vulnerability, ensure the presence of battery backup coverage for all devices in your security system. } 'timingVar': 'name', while Thomas Edison would be totally familiar with the modern electrical grid [2]. IEC 60950-22 for Outdoor Information Technology and Communication Circuits, As both IEC 60950-1 and IEC 62368-1 standards reference IEC 60950-22 as a supplemental standard for equipment installed outdoors. Definition: The power system is a network which consists generation, distribution and transmission system. } Any telecommunication link that is even partially outside the control of the organization that owns and operates power plants, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, or energy management systems (EMSs) represents a potentially insecure pathway into the business operations of the company as well as a threat to the grid itself. What is most concerning about such reports is mainly one portion of an early article: The response to the alert was mixed. __gaTracker.create = newtracker; Course Typically Offered: Online in Summer and Winter quarters. parameters.send_to = exactmetrics_frontend.ua; It is even more complex and difficult to control it for optimal efficiency and maximum benefit to the ultimate consumers while still allowing all its business components to compete fairly and freely. Increased integration of large-scale renewable energy systems . The secure and efficient power system operation relays on the data assessment and state estimation. border: none !important; } They incorporated a sensor network into the new I-35W bridge (at less than 0.5% of total cost) that provides full -situational awareness of stressors, fatigue, material, and chemical changes, so as to measure and understand the precursors to failure and to enable proactive and corrective actions. 'eventAction': arguments[3], Since smart grids will involve the merger of new and familiar technologies, it would make sense to take a modular approach to safety. Research findings suggest that human and organizational factors do affect computer and information security performance in a multilayered fashion. Secure and reliable operation of the electric system is fundamental to national and international economic systems, security, and quality of life. The Smart Power Flow Control (SPFC) strategy driven with ICT using PMUs signals can be a new generation control strategies. 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Regarding recent cyberthreat reports, it is fundamental to separate the hype from the truth. trackers: {}, S. Massoud Amin and Anthony M. Giacomoni. In addition, examples of some likely smart-grid applications and the safety considerations that would need to be addressed are discussed. Besides, an. In many cases, even in situations where there is a battery backup, these devices are not properly supervised or maintained of which can result in doors that are unable to be locked or unlocked in the event of a power outage. Accounting for all critical assets includes thousands of transformers, line reactors, series capacitors, and transmission lines. GNERO The mission of the IEEE Power & Energy Society is to be the leading provider of scientific and engineering information on electric power and energy for the betterment of society, and the preferred professional development source for its members. window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { 3, pp. Copyright 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. By The benefits of smart energy infrastructure are improved reliability, supply integration, shorter outages, increased efficiency, consumer cost-saving, and customer satisfaction 6. It is not yet known what the smart-grid killer app is going to be, but like pre-season predictions of who is going to win the Super Bowl or the World Cup, some think that it is going to be plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and possibly full electric vehicles (EVs). if (parameters.send_to) { It uses a 32-bit microcontroller to effectively monitor the fire hazards that may occur in the protected electrical circuit due to leakage, temperature, and current overload, and handles the remaining current in real time. This article provides a brief overview of smart-grid technology, and then explores the safety considerations that should be addressed in the design of smart grid technology equipment, particularly in low-voltage AC power applications operating below 1000 V AC. The diversity and lack of interoperability among the various communication protocols cause problems for anyone who tries to establish secure communication to and from a substation. Moreover, numerous types of communication media and protocols are used in the communication and control of power systems. var em_track_user = true; The solid line shows the bounding values for DC . } Without a doubt, the expectation from the power generation and transmission industry is realization of efficiencies. /*
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